D'après les statistiques de l'Association de lutte contre la piraterie audiovisuelle (Alpa), un internaute sur trois a consulté pendant l'été 2015 au moins une fois par mois un site illégal. En élargissant la question au téléchargement illégal dans son ensemble, j'ai eu l'intuition que nous autres, les auteurs, pourrions bien être ceux qui téléchargent illégalement le plus fréquemment.
A noter que l'article que j'ai cité est fortement critiqué par la plupart des commentateurs du site, et notamment cette notion de "site illégal", par trop floue.
Malgré le bien-fondé de ces critiques, l'une des réactions en commentaire m'a parue révélatrice d'un certain état d'esprit: Quant à l'idée de dire que certains on les moyens de payer, oui bien sur
que j'ai les moyens, mais payer un film 5€ ou meme 2€50 je suis désolé
hein mais faut arreter les conneries!!!
Est-ce à dire que le fait d'avoir été habitué à regarder et
enregistrer des films pour les revoir aurait créé une sorte de "droit au
téléchargement illégal"? Une sorte de droit d'usage, parce que cela se
fait et que l'on doit pouvoir continuer à le faire? Pour tous les films,
y compris ceux qui ne sont pas encore diffusés sur les chaînes?
Ou bien est-ce une réaction au prix de places de cinéma à 9€? Au fait de ne pas vouloir repayer pour du déjà vu? Auquel cas, ça ne s'appliquerait que pour les films déjà vus au cinéma.
On peut en tout cas voir au travers de cette réaction à quel point la notion d'éducation au numérique peut être importante dès lors qu'il s'agit de l'utilisation d'Internet dans notre vie quotidienne.
Maintenant, pourquoi est-ce que j'ai l'intuition que nous, les auteurs, faisons partie de ceux qui téléchargent le plus illégalement? Après réflexion, plusieurs pistes se dégagent:
1) Le niveau de revenu: même si l'étude de l'Alpa précise que 46% de ceux qui ont recours à ces sites illégaux gagnent entre 27 000 et 54 000 euros par an, même si, à titre personnel, je connais un cadre sup gagnant plus de 3000 euros par mois qui télécharge autant qu'il le peut, un faible niveau de revenu me semble de nature à inciter à recourir plus fréquemment au téléchargement illégal. Or, les auteurs ne sont pas connus, dans leur immense majorité, pour bien gagner leur vie.
2) L'ego: je peux témoigner à titre personnel avoir un ego plus développé que la moyenne, et je pense que de nombreux auteurs partagent ce trait. Quand vous avez de l'ego, l'égoïsme n'est pas loin derrière. Nous pouvons nous croire dispensés des règles que nous voudrions voir appliquées par d'autres, dès lors qu'il s'agit de nos propres écrits. Simplement parce que nous le valons bien, n'est-ce pas. Notre nombril. Notre pomme, avant tout.
3) Nous baignons dans le milieu de la culture: et nous ne voulons pas d'entrave, surtout avec les moyens de téléchargement de plus en plus puissants, comme la fibre. En tant que participants à la création, nous estimons que notre travail est déjà un moyen de la rémunérer, et donc, que nous sommes dispensés de le faire par nous-mêmes.
4) Le manque d'empathie: la célèbre phrase de Confucius, ne fais pas aux autres ce que tu ne voudrais pas que l'on te fasse, nous l'avons désapprise à force d'individualisme, de rester seuls devant nos écrans. Les gens que nous voyons sur Internet ne sont par réellement proches de nous. Loin des yeux, loin du cœur.
5) Nos pulsions l'emportent sur notre raison: nous sommes, à la base, des animaux, et il nous reste beaucoup de cette héritage. Nous avons le pouvoir, et nous en profitons, bordel! Ces pulsions sont renforcées par notre ego, et l'effet cumulatif devient plus important que pour la moyenne de la population.
6) Nous nous donnons parfois de mauvaises raisons: en estimant par exemple que les biens numériques veulent être libres et gratuits.
Tous ces différents facteurs viennent contrebalancer la seule raison et le bon sens: lorsque nous réfléchissons à l'aspect économique des choses, nous savons qu'il y a des milliers d'auteurs, des auteurs qui sont souvent des lecteurs. Et encore, je ne parle que de ceux qui sont publiés sur Amazon. Si l'on va en dehors, on devrait plutôt parler de millions d'auteurs-lecteurs, uniquement en France.
Si leur soif de lecture, à ces auteurs/lecteurs, se traduisait plus souvent par des achats, des achats par exemple d'ebook à moindre coût, tous les auteurs en seraient bénéficiaires.
Je pense ne jamais m'être plaint en tant qu'auteur d'avoir eu mes œuvres sur des sites de téléchargement illégaux. Je n'ai jamais essayé de faire fermer ce type de site, parce que j'estime que c'est du temps perdu - ce n'est pas le bon combat.
En revanche, j'ai observé à de très nombreuses reprises des auteurs se plaindre de voir leurs œuvres sur ces sites. Ces auteurs n'ont-ils jamais téléchargé illégalement? Vraiment? Pas un seul, sur les centaines que je vois se plaindre sur Facebook?
N'y a-t-il pas de l'hypocrisie à se plaindre à propos du piratage, lorsqu'on télécharge soi-même illégalement de la musique, des jeux vidéo, des films, ou même de l'ebook?
Regardons-nous bien en face dans le miroir, et demandons-nous si l'ennemi, ce ne serait pas nous-même.
Nous nous plaignons de ne pas vendre assez de livres papier, mais nous-mêmes achetons tous nos livres dans des boutiques de revendeurs de livres usés. Est-ce que nous ignorons que nos collègues auteurs ne toucheront pas un centime sur un livre d'occasion?
Nous nous plaignons de voir nos revenus de vente d'ebook baisser, au profit des prêts Kindle Unlimited. Mais nous-mêmes sommes inscrits à Kindle Unlimited, et nous n'achetons jamais l'un des ebooks que nous empruntons via ce service.
Dans le miroir, je vous dis. J'ai utilisé le "nous" à dessein, parce que je ne m'estime pas au-dessus du lot. Certes, j'essaye d'acheter des ebooks quand je le peux et je ne suis pas inscrit à KU, ni en tant qu'auteur ni en tant que lecteur, mais il m'est déjà arrivé d'accepter des fichiers téléchargés illégalement par des amis ou des collègues. Y compris des ebooks.
J'ai aussi conscience que le budget de chacun est limité. Et je sympathise avec les auteurs dans le besoin. Ce qui me gêne vraiment aux entournures, ce sont les gens qui ont un budget culture de zéro euro, parce qu'ils estiment que c'est un acquis, que tous les biens culturels leur sont dus.
Cela, et le fait que les auteurs se tirent à ce point des balles dans le pied à force d'égoïsme...
Balayons chacun devant nos portes, en cette année 2016. Eduquons-nous, éduquons nos enfants. Peace.
Ecriture, édition, livres numériques, science-fiction, fantasy et fantastique (thrillers/polars) sous toutes leurs formes : autant de sujets qui me passionnent et qui font l'actualité de ce blog.
Affichage des articles dont le libellé est piracy. Afficher tous les articles
Affichage des articles dont le libellé est piracy. Afficher tous les articles
mercredi 6 janvier 2016
mardi 14 avril 2015
Do digital goods "want" to be free?
The huge success of the Internet mainly comes from the instant sharing of data and information, but also from the sharing of works that technology allows us to digitize: books, and particularly ebooks, music (MP3 format), movies (DivX format) video games, and even online encyclopedias like Wikipedia. Some Internet theorists go so far as to say that digital goods (data that is summarized with 0 and 1 in various forms, encompassing books, music and video) "want" to be free, which is summarized in this sentence: "information wants to be free". The most "activist" ones, anarchists from the cyberpunk movement, think that all digital goods should be free.
One could say that the universal sharing allowed by the Internet is the only form of communism that has succeeded in reality, a utopian dream at work. And a utopian dream that works, apparently.
This constant sharing is making society evolve, and has helped revolutions to happen by speeding them up, like the Arab Spring.
That sharing allows a huge number of individuals to access culture, in a better way than libraries and multimedia libraries. We can only welcome that fact.
The English term "free", with its dual meaning of "free of charge" and "open" can be misleading. You have to distinguish between software, websites or applications that are part of a sharing philosophy like Wikipedia or Open Office and, for example, free works that are constantly promoted (permafree).
The permanent information is combined in all its forms: both the simple exchange of facts and the authentic reality show of everyday life, which everyone can broadcast and orchestrate via Facebook, among others. At the same time authors, actors and directors of our respective slices of life. For better or for worse.
With digital technology, no more barriers: most of the paid works, in any case, the popular works, are available on illegal websites.
Except, of course, for the guilty feeling when one downloads illegally.
That little guilty twinge? According to theorists of the Internet whose thinking belongs to some of the cyberpunk currents, this is no more than an out of place thing from the past: from the moment that a digital item can be duplicated in an unlimited way by anybody without spending any resources, that item loses all its economic value.
That's the very argument the thriller author Joe Konrath has produced when debating with me in the comments section of his blog.
This argument may seem irrefutable as economically speaking, it perfectly answers the law of supply and demand: when you are able to freely duplicate digital works in as great a number as there are grains of sand in the desert, to use an analogy, each of these works is worth nothing more than a grain of sand in the desert.
And indeed, the resources needed to copy digital goods, once you have paid off the cost of the digital device, amounts only to the electricity you use, and may seem insignificant.
However, if you push the argument further, as soon as your attorney sends you your property file by email, it's because all his work has been digitized. So, this file is no longer worth anything, because it's digitized. Great, you don't have to pay your attorney anymore!
But let's go a step further into absurdity. Your deed of property is digitized. The same deed that makes you a happy owner. But wait... Not so happy, in fact, because the act of property is digitized, and is no longer worth anything! Your house no longer has any value, it belongs to everybody. Gulp.
No, no, the cyberpunks will answer, your house belongs to you, because if someone tries to take it from you, you can call the cops, and they will give it back to you. If the digital goods have no value, it's because it's impossible to protect them adequately, and because they can be hacked as often as needed.
Do you see my point? When you scratch the surface, the point of the supporters of the theory aiming at stretching the expression "information wants to be free" to digital goods as a whole is nothing but the mechanical expression of the right of the strongest. Since it's possible to hack digital goods, since everybody can benefit from that at one point, it's because those goods, economically, have no value. The fact that the book industry weighs billions of dollars is a kind of economic aberration, a relic of the past.
My interpretation of the anarchist cyberpunk line of thinking is: "since I cannot attack classic property, I'm attacking intellectual property."
The paradox is, if you follow the line of thinking of those theorists, you have to get a bullet-proof shield in order to give back value to these goods. Goods that would then become more awkward to use, and therefore, less valuable.
When speaking about ebooks, that is what the publishers try to do: enhance the protection, but to no avail, because the hackers always find the flaw within the protection systems.
I am sure that many authors fear piracy. Some would certainly prefer for ebooks not to exist, and those are the same who see their publisher as the ultimate shield, able to protect their intellectual belongings.
The same publishers who overprice the ebooks, making them primary targets for both the hackers and the readers.
The same publishers who exploit authors, making the act of writing an ancillary activity demanding a day job to be supported.
The same publishers who masterfully play the scarcity model, windowing the release of books to increase the readers' frustration, which leads to more income for them.
On the contrary, as far as I am concerned, ebooks are a blessing. I broadcast free ebooks consistently (permafree ebooks) in order to get discovered and to sell my novels.
Nowadays, one often finds something like fifteen novels bundled priced at $0.99. According to Mark Coker, the founder of Smashwords, authors who use permafree for the first novel of their series are selling better than the others.
Such prestigious authors as Kristine Kathryn Rusch have occasionally, with their peers, put one of their novels in a bundle priced (for a limited time) for almost nothing. Sometimes authors put whole series at $0.99, or for free.
Better still, Joe Konrath has for his part invited everybody to steal his ebook as early as 2010, hacking it or downloading it. Doing this, he followed Cory Doctorow's example, who has proved that it's possible to sell ebooks while making them easy to hack, or putting them for free on his website.
That could seem counter-intuitive: why do people buy ebooks when they could download them for free? The answer in one word is gratefulness. They enjoyed the book, and want to prove their gratefulness by buying the book or its sequel, or by recommending it.
It must be acknowledged: that's a wonderful thing. But it will only stay that way if people are taught digital technology. They buy, because they are able to feel that guilty twinge when they download illegally. They feel guilty because they know efforts, time and the author's work were needed for the ebook to exist, and because they know the ebook is part of the economic system.
Bottom line: if people begin to think digital technology is a given, we can forget any hope to make a living with digital goods. As I demonstrated, the huge discoverability issue weighs on all authors, encouraging them to give free stuff away.
We also saw come hurtling offers like Kindle Unlimited, very seductive offers for hardcore readers, but prejudicial to such concepts like Fair Reading. Let's say it, prejudicial for the authors' income.
Remember that debate I alluded to with Joe Konrath? The subject was Ebooks Are Forever, an online service that will allow librarians, in the future, to benefit from unlimited uses of ebooks bought once on the EAF website.
Which means that all ebooks bought under unlimited uses will become available for unlimited lending for the readers. A kind of Kindle Unlimited, but a free one this time - no longer priced at $9.99 a month.
How can we manage to teach our children about the value of the ebooks if they become legally permanently free on the libraries' websites? Even if the project of EAF plans the ebooks to be lent only for a two week period of time, the reader would just have to switch libraries' websites to get her free ebook.
Above all, how could we provide a better defense to people who download illegally? "In any case, it's free on the libraries' websites, it's just more convenient for me to avoid the two weeks lending period."
Don't get me wrong, I'm all for libraries. I just want the uses to be limited, keeping the formula: one ebook sold, unlimited lending through time, but just one person at a time.
I was speaking about frustration a bit earlier. I think that the publishers place the frustration slider too high. They also price too high. Amazon got it and launched Kindle Unlimited. As for us, self-published authors, we place the slider too low, so low that it becomes difficult to see the slider. Individually, we may place it at some level, but collectively, seeing all the free ebooks, one may infer that we don't seek to make a living with our works.
However, that slider is still there. I won't put the blame on an author who sets her 24 novels permanently free, provided she is able to prove me that she can make a living with the 25th novel.
Going back to work in the fields or building our house with our own hands could be a blueprint for society, if you deem that all the intellectual activities are just ancillary. I think I can say, though, that intellectual work, and the income that follows, is a great progress of the human being, provided he is able to make a decent living out of it.
Then yes, this blog post is provided freely to you, without any ad in order for me to make a return on investment. Doing that, I benefit from the fantastic freedom of the Internet. I can offer you an article, if I decided to do so.
There is no longer any economy if all becomes free. There is no economy without a frustration, from time to time. Let's learn to place the slider back at the proper place. Or else, give me a new blueprint for society with everything free, a consistent and successful one preferably.
One could say that the universal sharing allowed by the Internet is the only form of communism that has succeeded in reality, a utopian dream at work. And a utopian dream that works, apparently.
This constant sharing is making society evolve, and has helped revolutions to happen by speeding them up, like the Arab Spring.
That sharing allows a huge number of individuals to access culture, in a better way than libraries and multimedia libraries. We can only welcome that fact.
The English term "free", with its dual meaning of "free of charge" and "open" can be misleading. You have to distinguish between software, websites or applications that are part of a sharing philosophy like Wikipedia or Open Office and, for example, free works that are constantly promoted (permafree).
The permanent information is combined in all its forms: both the simple exchange of facts and the authentic reality show of everyday life, which everyone can broadcast and orchestrate via Facebook, among others. At the same time authors, actors and directors of our respective slices of life. For better or for worse.
With digital technology, no more barriers: most of the paid works, in any case, the popular works, are available on illegal websites.
Except, of course, for the guilty feeling when one downloads illegally.
That little guilty twinge? According to theorists of the Internet whose thinking belongs to some of the cyberpunk currents, this is no more than an out of place thing from the past: from the moment that a digital item can be duplicated in an unlimited way by anybody without spending any resources, that item loses all its economic value.
That's the very argument the thriller author Joe Konrath has produced when debating with me in the comments section of his blog.
This argument may seem irrefutable as economically speaking, it perfectly answers the law of supply and demand: when you are able to freely duplicate digital works in as great a number as there are grains of sand in the desert, to use an analogy, each of these works is worth nothing more than a grain of sand in the desert.
And indeed, the resources needed to copy digital goods, once you have paid off the cost of the digital device, amounts only to the electricity you use, and may seem insignificant.
However, if you push the argument further, as soon as your attorney sends you your property file by email, it's because all his work has been digitized. So, this file is no longer worth anything, because it's digitized. Great, you don't have to pay your attorney anymore!
But let's go a step further into absurdity. Your deed of property is digitized. The same deed that makes you a happy owner. But wait... Not so happy, in fact, because the act of property is digitized, and is no longer worth anything! Your house no longer has any value, it belongs to everybody. Gulp.
No, no, the cyberpunks will answer, your house belongs to you, because if someone tries to take it from you, you can call the cops, and they will give it back to you. If the digital goods have no value, it's because it's impossible to protect them adequately, and because they can be hacked as often as needed.
Do you see my point? When you scratch the surface, the point of the supporters of the theory aiming at stretching the expression "information wants to be free" to digital goods as a whole is nothing but the mechanical expression of the right of the strongest. Since it's possible to hack digital goods, since everybody can benefit from that at one point, it's because those goods, economically, have no value. The fact that the book industry weighs billions of dollars is a kind of economic aberration, a relic of the past.
My interpretation of the anarchist cyberpunk line of thinking is: "since I cannot attack classic property, I'm attacking intellectual property."
The paradox is, if you follow the line of thinking of those theorists, you have to get a bullet-proof shield in order to give back value to these goods. Goods that would then become more awkward to use, and therefore, less valuable.
When speaking about ebooks, that is what the publishers try to do: enhance the protection, but to no avail, because the hackers always find the flaw within the protection systems.
I am sure that many authors fear piracy. Some would certainly prefer for ebooks not to exist, and those are the same who see their publisher as the ultimate shield, able to protect their intellectual belongings.
The same publishers who overprice the ebooks, making them primary targets for both the hackers and the readers.
The same publishers who exploit authors, making the act of writing an ancillary activity demanding a day job to be supported.
The same publishers who masterfully play the scarcity model, windowing the release of books to increase the readers' frustration, which leads to more income for them.
On the contrary, as far as I am concerned, ebooks are a blessing. I broadcast free ebooks consistently (permafree ebooks) in order to get discovered and to sell my novels.
Nowadays, one often finds something like fifteen novels bundled priced at $0.99. According to Mark Coker, the founder of Smashwords, authors who use permafree for the first novel of their series are selling better than the others.
Such prestigious authors as Kristine Kathryn Rusch have occasionally, with their peers, put one of their novels in a bundle priced (for a limited time) for almost nothing. Sometimes authors put whole series at $0.99, or for free.
Better still, Joe Konrath has for his part invited everybody to steal his ebook as early as 2010, hacking it or downloading it. Doing this, he followed Cory Doctorow's example, who has proved that it's possible to sell ebooks while making them easy to hack, or putting them for free on his website.
That could seem counter-intuitive: why do people buy ebooks when they could download them for free? The answer in one word is gratefulness. They enjoyed the book, and want to prove their gratefulness by buying the book or its sequel, or by recommending it.
It must be acknowledged: that's a wonderful thing. But it will only stay that way if people are taught digital technology. They buy, because they are able to feel that guilty twinge when they download illegally. They feel guilty because they know efforts, time and the author's work were needed for the ebook to exist, and because they know the ebook is part of the economic system.
Bottom line: if people begin to think digital technology is a given, we can forget any hope to make a living with digital goods. As I demonstrated, the huge discoverability issue weighs on all authors, encouraging them to give free stuff away.
We also saw come hurtling offers like Kindle Unlimited, very seductive offers for hardcore readers, but prejudicial to such concepts like Fair Reading. Let's say it, prejudicial for the authors' income.
Remember that debate I alluded to with Joe Konrath? The subject was Ebooks Are Forever, an online service that will allow librarians, in the future, to benefit from unlimited uses of ebooks bought once on the EAF website.
Which means that all ebooks bought under unlimited uses will become available for unlimited lending for the readers. A kind of Kindle Unlimited, but a free one this time - no longer priced at $9.99 a month.
How can we manage to teach our children about the value of the ebooks if they become legally permanently free on the libraries' websites? Even if the project of EAF plans the ebooks to be lent only for a two week period of time, the reader would just have to switch libraries' websites to get her free ebook.
Above all, how could we provide a better defense to people who download illegally? "In any case, it's free on the libraries' websites, it's just more convenient for me to avoid the two weeks lending period."
Don't get me wrong, I'm all for libraries. I just want the uses to be limited, keeping the formula: one ebook sold, unlimited lending through time, but just one person at a time.
I was speaking about frustration a bit earlier. I think that the publishers place the frustration slider too high. They also price too high. Amazon got it and launched Kindle Unlimited. As for us, self-published authors, we place the slider too low, so low that it becomes difficult to see the slider. Individually, we may place it at some level, but collectively, seeing all the free ebooks, one may infer that we don't seek to make a living with our works.
However, that slider is still there. I won't put the blame on an author who sets her 24 novels permanently free, provided she is able to prove me that she can make a living with the 25th novel.
Going back to work in the fields or building our house with our own hands could be a blueprint for society, if you deem that all the intellectual activities are just ancillary. I think I can say, though, that intellectual work, and the income that follows, is a great progress of the human being, provided he is able to make a decent living out of it.
Then yes, this blog post is provided freely to you, without any ad in order for me to make a return on investment. Doing that, I benefit from the fantastic freedom of the Internet. I can offer you an article, if I decided to do so.
There is no longer any economy if all becomes free. There is no economy without a frustration, from time to time. Let's learn to place the slider back at the proper place. Or else, give me a new blueprint for society with everything free, a consistent and successful one preferably.
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